Optimal allocation for electric vehicle charging stations using Trip Success Ratio

This paper proposes a new model for optimally allocating Plug–in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging Stations (CSs) in the network. The model considers Trip Success Ratio (TSR) in order to enhance CS accessibility for PEV drivers. Diversity of usage and different driving habits are considered in the presented model, as well as different trip types (In-city, Highway). The allocation model has two stages: modeling TSR to estimate Charging Station Service Range (CSSR), and the CS allocation stage. In the first stage, the service range of charging stations has been estimated using TSR with consideration of the uncertainty of trip distances (In-city, Highway) and the uncertainty in the Remaining Electric Range (RER) of PEVs. The estimated CSSR is utilized in the CS allocation stage in order to optimize the CS location set that covers the network with a certain guaranteed TSR level. The allocation problem has been formulated as the Maximum Covering Location Problem (MCLP) in order to make the optimal decision for allocating CSs in the network.     

化工过程非方瘦系统的串级控制系统结构设计

化工过程一般为多变量系统，其中输出变量个数多于输入变量个数的非方多变量系统称为瘦系统，现有的非方系统控制结构设计一般采用方形化处理方法，只能形成一个输入变量与一个输出变量配对的单回路控制，要么作为工艺控制指标的重要变量不能成为被控变量，要么次要变量未纳入反馈控制，无法满足控制要求。本文介绍了非方系统的平均频域相对增益阵，对瘦系统进行了变量配对分析，提出了一种瘦系统串级控制系统结构设计方法。这种方法在不添加输入变量的同时有效利用了所有的输出变量反馈，使系统反馈信息更完备，构造了重要变量与次要变量结合的串级控制系统。最后通过实例分析说明了瘦系统的串级控制系统结构设计方法不仅能够得到合理的变量配对，而且系统控制性能良好，尤其在进行干扰抑制的过程中体现出了快速性和高效性。     

Active–reactive power approaches for optimal placement of charge stations in power systems

Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been suggested as alternatives to conventional vehicles for reducing petrol consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. When a large number of EVs connect to the grid, they can cause a large amount of power loss. Where to install multiple charge stations in the grid, so as to mitigate losses caused by EVs when providing energy to those EVs, is becoming vitally important. In this paper, a distribution test-network model is described. A new analytical method is proposed, using the stations’ cooperation in terms of optimal active and reactive power dispatch as well as power flow analysis for locating the optimal placement of charge stations, so as to reduce power losses. This method is compared with the previously developed current density method for single charge stations using system simulation results. It was demonstrated that the methods proposed in this paper are more accurate than the current density method, and that 17% of the average active power loss can be saved for three different types of load profile. In addition, 27% of the average active power loss was saved by installing two charge stations rather than no charge stations in the test-line. It is shown that this could represent a 2.6% annual yield above inflation for investing in installing and running such charge stations.     

某水电站古滑坡体滑速涌浪分析

某水电站古滑坡体位于库首右岸的峡谷进口段,总方量约1 327×10~4 m~3,历史上该滑坡体曾多次发生滑动,目前处于临界稳定状态。古滑坡体下游侧边缘距离水电站建筑物较近,水电站扩建过程中施工因素及扩建后水库水位上升对古滑坡体的稳定影响较大,一旦滑坡体再次启动滑入水库,激起的涌浪对该工程威胁较大。基于潘家铮滑速计算方法,对计算式进行改进,编写了Fortran计算程序,运用改进后的潘家铮滑速计算方法分析了该古滑坡体的加速度、速度的变化规律;分别采用潘家铮涌浪计算方法和水科院经验公式预测了滑坡体入库激起对岸涌浪高度和坝址处涌浪高度,研究成果对工程建设具有指导意义。     

金沙江水电工程智能建造技术体系研究与实践

运用"全面感知、真实分析、实时控制"的智能闭环控制理论,提出了以工程建设资源要素动态精准管理、业务流程数字化管理、工艺过程智能控制、实物成本精确分析、结构安全与进度耦合分析及联动调控的数字化技术和智能化技术为核心,以水电工程数据模型如大坝全景信息模型DIM为基础,以智能建造管理平台iDam为主体的智能建造技术体系,并对工程数据结构分解与编码体系、工程数据感知传输共享技术、iDam平台的系统架构与业务架构、智能建造工程绩效等关键技术进行了分析。通过统一规范的工程数据结构与编码体系,iDam平台可集成工程建设全过程的基础数据、环境数据、过程数据和监测数据,为各业务模块服务;建立的基于工程技术和管理大数据的机理分析功能,可为工程建设的业主、施工、监理、设计、科研及运行等单位服务。智能建造初步实践表明,本文构建的技术体系是科学可行的,对基础设施智能建造技术与管理体系的研究与实践具有参考价值。     

新时代长江鱼类多样性保护的思考

长江是我国第一大河流,是世界生物多样性的热点区域,也是我国鱼类多样性最高的河流之一。在介绍长江鱼类主要生态习性生境条件的基础上,分析了导致鱼类多样性下降的主要因素——生境丧失和过度捕捞,并简要总结了目前已采取的保护措施及存在的问题,提出了关于新时期长江鱼类多样性保护的思考与建议:①建立以流域管理机构牵头,相关部门和地方共同组建流域生态保护机制;②有计划开展支流及通江湖泊的生态恢复,使支流的小水电逐步退出,使原本的通江湖泊恢复自然江湖关系;③提高民众环保意识,积极建立全流域禁捕机制和休闲垂钓机制,并让垂钓者成为渔政的管理者和监督者。     

Confined Transformation of UiO‐66 Nanocrystals to Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia with Hierarchical Pore Structures for Catalytic Applications

Solid acids as a substitution for hazardous liquid acids (e.g., HF and H₂SO₄) can promote many important reactions in the industry, such as carbon cracking, to proceed in a more sustainable way. Starting from a zirconium‐based metal‐organic framework (UiO‐66 nanocrystals), herein a transformative method is reported to prepare micro/mesoporous yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) encapsulated inside a mesoporous silica shell. It is then further demonstrated that the resultant reactor‐like catalysts can be used for a wide range of catalytic reactions. The acidity of the YSZ phase is found with rich accessible Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites and they display superior performances for esterification (acetic acid and ethanol) and Friedel‐Crafts alkylation (benzylation of toluene). After being loaded with different noble metals, furthermore, hydrogenation of CO₂ and a one‐pot cascade reaction (nitrobenzene and benzaldehyde to N‐benzylaniline) are used as model reactions to prove the versatility and stability of catalysts. Based on the findings of this work, it is believed that this class of reactor‐like catalysts can meet future challenges in the development of new catalyst technology for greener heterogeneous catalysis.     

基于模糊物元的水利水电工程绿色施工评价

为客观有效地评价水利水电工程绿色施工情况,建立了包含31个指标项的水利水电工程绿色施工评价指标体系,划分了相应的评价等级标准,采用综合集成赋权法确定指标权重,基于模糊物元理论,建立了水利水电工程绿色施工评价模型,并利用该模型对白鹤滩水电站项目的绿色施工水平进行综合评价。结果表明,白鹤滩水电站项目的绿色施工水平为合格等级,其中第三方机构评价、景观恢复、燃油节约率是影响白鹤滩水电站绿色施工水平的主要因素,较真实地反映了白鹤滩水电站开展绿色施工的情况。     

水电工程移民逐年货币补偿安置方式差异及完善

在对逐年货币补偿的探索中,主要形成了针对安置人口和针对被征收土地两种补偿方式。为促进逐年货币补偿安置方式的持续发展,指导后续项目的实施,研究了两种补偿方式的差异及差异原因,并从统一补偿对象、补偿标准、规划方法及兑付方式四方面对实施逐年货币补偿提出完善建议。提出了两种补偿方式的差异实质是对所有权和使用权的补偿,并提出了以集体经济组织为补偿标准计算单元进行统一补偿,集体经济组织遵循总量控制原则,根据自身实际情况综合分析确定内部分配要求和原则的操作方式。     

双树寺电站电气化县改造项目设计优化及调试运行对策

为消除双树寺电站水工建筑病险隐患,解决机电设备老化、发展进入瓶颈的问题,通过相关参数的优化,减少弃水,增大流量;在装机容量新确定为1600k W时,选择混流式机组;并对压力管道设计、水轮机选型设计、水轮机吸出高度确定、安装高程设计等进行总体优化;调试运行过程中,针对导水叶密封不严、轴瓦温度过高、水轮机出力不足、发电机振荡和失步问题,研究补救措施和解决技术方案。技改后,原有的病险隐患消除,效益显著,电站实现了农村水电安全生产标准化建设目标,有效保护了生态环境,推进了绿色小水电建设发展进程。